Published on
June 28, 2021
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
June 16, 2022.
When you quote from a short story in MLA Style, make sure to properly introduce the quote and to follow it with an MLA in-text citation giving the author’s last name and the page number of the quote.
The citation corresponds to an entry in your Works Cited list, giving the story’s author and its title in quotation marks, followed by the publication details of the container (e.g. a book, magazine, or website). The story in this example comes from a collection with an editor.
MLA format
Author last name, First name. “Story Title.” Book Title, edited by Editor first name Last name, Publisher, Year, pp. Page range.
Published on
May 28, 2021
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
November 1, 2022.
Turabian is a version of Chicago style that’s specifically designed for students and researchers. If you’ve been told to follow Chicago style when writing your academic research paper, thesis, or dissertation, it’s usually the Turabian guidelines that will be most useful to you.
In Chicago notes and bibliography style, it’s recommended to just cite images in notes, omitting them from the bibliography. List an image in your bibliography only if you cite it frequently, if it’s essential to your argument, or if your university requires you to.
Follow the format shown below to create a note and—if necessary—a bibliography entry for an image viewed online. Make sure to cite the page where the image is hosted, not, for example, the Google search results where you found it.
In Chicago notes and bibliography style, a bibliography entry for a movie viewed online (e.g., on a streaming platform like Netflix) lists the director as the author, with the label “director” after their name. State the length of the movie in hours and minutes, and include a URL at the end.
In a note, start with the movie title, followed by the director’s name. You can point the reader to a specific scene or moment in the film using timestamps.
List a video in your bibliography if it’s crucial to your argument, you cite it often, or your university requires you to.
Including the video length is optional. In a note, a specific timestamp or range may be included to show the relevant location in the video. Pay attention to the punctuation (e.g., periods or commas) in your citations.
In Chicago notes and bibliography style, the format for citing a speech or lecture depends on whether you viewed it in person or accessed it in a recording or transcript.
To cite a recorded or transcribed speech, follow the format for the relevant source type (e.g., website, book).
To cite a speech you viewed in person, give information about where and when it took place.
The format for citing an interview in Chicago notes and bibliography style depends on whether the interview is published or unpublished. An unpublished interview is one you conducted yourself or found in an archive; all other interviews are considered published.
Unpublished interviews are cited only in notes and don’t appear in the bibliography.
A published interview is cited in the format of the source type (e.g., newspaper, video), but with the interviewee listed as author.
Make sure to pay attention to the punctuation (e.g., commas, periods) in notes and citations for both unpublished and published interviews.
In Chicago notes and bibliography style, it’s recommended to just cite newspaper articles in footnotes and omit them from the bibliography. Only list an article in the bibliography if it’s essential to your argument, if you cite it frequently, or if your university requires you to.
No page numbers are used in notes or bibliography entries for newspaper articles. Add a URL if you consulted the article online. Make sure to pay attention to the punctuation (e.g., commas and quotation marks) in your notes and citations.
Author last name, First name. “Article Title.” Newspaper Name, Month Day, Year. URL.
Gibbons-Neff, Thomas, and Mujib Mashal. “U.S. Is Quietly Reducing Its Troop Force in Afghanistan.” New York Times, October 21, 2019. https://nyti.ms/31xXNQb.
Author first name Last name, “Article Title,” Newspaper Name, Month Day, Year, URL.
1. Thomas Gibbons-Neff and Mujib Mashal, “U.S. Is Quietly Reducing Its Troop Force in Afghanistan,” New York Times, October 21, 2019, https://nyti.ms/31xXNQb.
Author last name, Shortened Book Title, Page number(s).
2. Rhys, Wide Sargasso Sea, 54–55.
Short notes always follow the same basic format. Full notes and bibliography entries contain additional information if the book specifies an edition, translator, or editor, and follow a specific format when citing an individual chapter in a book.
Published on
April 9, 2021
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
June 27, 2022.
The most common citation styles are APA and MLA. To cite a source in these styles, you need a brief in-text citation and a full reference.
Use the interactive tool to understand how a citation is structured and see examples for common source types.
As well as switching between styles and sources, you can explore how a citation looks when there are multiple authors, different editions, no publication date, and other common scenarios.
If you’re still not sure how to cite your source correctly, dive into our comprehensive articles. For each source type, we provide a range of examples in APA, MLA, and Chicago style.